Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria

Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka; Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna; Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife; Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu; Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi; Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie; Sylvia Toochukwu Echendu; Esther Umeadi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11

Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria

Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna, Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife, Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu, Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi, Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie, Sylvia Toochukwu Echendu, Esther Umeadi

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 22 December 2021 Accepted: 19 January 2022 Published: 25 January 2022

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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Globally, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different occupations, across economies in both the developed and the developing countries. Cardiovascular risks and differences in occupations have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of occupations on the risks of cardiovascular disease in Awka, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an unstructured market workers’ population. The subjects were classified according to their occupation and screened for cardiovascular risks. Cardiovascular risks were compared between the different occupations. Results: The study subjects were 294. Males made up 27.9% and females 72.1%. Their mean age was 43.13 ± 15.38 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 6.0kg/m², systolic blood pressure (SBP) 129.3 ± 23.7mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 82.6 ± 14.7mmHg Majority (98.6%) of the study subjects were Igbos, whereas only 1.4% were Hausas. Retailer minor had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking, 10 (62.5%), p<0.001, tobacco use 6 (37.5%), p=0.097, alcohol use, 68 (54.8%), p=0.502, thickened arterial wall 38 (47.5%), p=0.001, spent > 10hors work per day 46 (53.5%), p<0.001, overweight 68 (65.4%), obesity 52 (53.1%), p=0.010, hypertension 74 (60.7%), p=0.002, much meat protein 146 (54.1%), p=0.019, night time sleep duration < 4hours 12 (75.0%), p=0.041, compared to all the other occupations. Cigarette smoking, p<0.001, thickened arterial wall, p=0.001, spent >10hors work per day, p<0.001, BMI, p=0.010, hypertension, p=0.002, consumption of much meat protein, p=0.019, night time sleep duration <4hours, p=0.041, were associated with economic status whereas tobacco use, p=0.097 and alcohol use, p=0.502, were not. Conclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking, thickened arterial wall, spending > 10hours work per day, obesity, hypertension, consumption of much meat protein, night time sleep duration < 4hours, were high and they were common among Retailer minor subjects in this study.

Published in	Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Socioeconomic Status, Cigarette Smoking, Tobacco Snuff, Alcohol, Thickened Arterial Wall, Short Nighttime Sleep Duration, Hypertension, Nigeria

References

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Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna, Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife, Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu, Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi, et al. (2022). Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11

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Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka; Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna; Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife; Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu; Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi, et al. Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11

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AMA Style

Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna, Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife, Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu, Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi, et al. Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria. Sci J Clin Med. 2022;11(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11,
  author = {Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka and Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna and Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife and Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu and Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi and Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie and Sylvia Toochukwu Echendu and Esther Umeadi},
  title = {Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20221101.11},
  abstract = {Background and Objectives: Globally, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different occupations, across economies in both the developed and the developing countries. Cardiovascular risks and differences in occupations have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of occupations on the risks of cardiovascular disease in Awka, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an unstructured market workers’ population. The subjects were classified according to their occupation and screened for cardiovascular risks. Cardiovascular risks were compared between the different occupations. Results: The study subjects were 294. Males made up 27.9% and females 72.1%. Their mean age was 43.13 ± 15.38 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 6.0kg/m2, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 129.3 ± 23.7mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 82.6 ± 14.7mmHg Majority (98.6%) of the study subjects were Igbos, whereas only 1.4% were Hausas. Retailer minor had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking, 10 (62.5%), p 10hors work per day 46 (53.5%), p10hors work per day, pConclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking, thickened arterial wall, spending > 10hours work per day, obesity, hypertension, consumption of much meat protein, night time sleep duration < 4hours, were high and they were common among Retailer minor subjects in this study.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria
AU  - Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka
AU  - Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna
AU  - Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife
AU  - Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu
AU  - Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi
AU  - Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie
AU  - Sylvia Toochukwu Echendu
AU  - Esther Umeadi
Y1  - 2022/01/25
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11
AB  - Background and Objectives: Globally, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different occupations, across economies in both the developed and the developing countries. Cardiovascular risks and differences in occupations have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of occupations on the risks of cardiovascular disease in Awka, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an unstructured market workers’ population. The subjects were classified according to their occupation and screened for cardiovascular risks. Cardiovascular risks were compared between the different occupations. Results: The study subjects were 294. Males made up 27.9% and females 72.1%. Their mean age was 43.13 ± 15.38 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 6.0kg/m2, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 129.3 ± 23.7mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 82.6 ± 14.7mmHg Majority (98.6%) of the study subjects were Igbos, whereas only 1.4% were Hausas. Retailer minor had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking, 10 (62.5%), p 10hors work per day 46 (53.5%), p10hors work per day, pConclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking, thickened arterial wall, spending > 10hours work per day, obesity, hypertension, consumption of much meat protein, night time sleep duration < 4hours, were high and they were common among Retailer minor subjects in this study.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka

Department of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria
Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna

Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife

Department of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria
Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu

Department of Pharmacology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi

Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Nigeria
Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie

Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria
Sylvia Toochukwu Echendu

Department of Pediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
Esther Umeadi

Department of Pediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria

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Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna, Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife, Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu, Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi, et al. (2022). Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11

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ACS Style

Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka; Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna; Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife; Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu; Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi, et al. Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11

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AMA Style

Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka, Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna, Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife, Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu, Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi, et al. Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria. Sci J Clin Med. 2022;11(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11,
  author = {Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka and Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna and Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife and Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu and Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi and Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie and Sylvia Toochukwu Echendu and Esther Umeadi},
  title = {Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20221101.11},
  abstract = {Background and Objectives: Globally, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different occupations, across economies in both the developed and the developing countries. Cardiovascular risks and differences in occupations have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of occupations on the risks of cardiovascular disease in Awka, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an unstructured market workers’ population. The subjects were classified according to their occupation and screened for cardiovascular risks. Cardiovascular risks were compared between the different occupations. Results: The study subjects were 294. Males made up 27.9% and females 72.1%. Their mean age was 43.13 ± 15.38 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 6.0kg/m2, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 129.3 ± 23.7mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 82.6 ± 14.7mmHg Majority (98.6%) of the study subjects were Igbos, whereas only 1.4% were Hausas. Retailer minor had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking, 10 (62.5%), p 10hors work per day 46 (53.5%), p10hors work per day, pConclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking, thickened arterial wall, spending > 10hours work per day, obesity, hypertension, consumption of much meat protein, night time sleep duration < 4hours, were high and they were common among Retailer minor subjects in this study.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Risks in Awka, Nigeria
AU  - Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka
AU  - Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna
AU  - Anyabolu Ernest Ndukaife
AU  - Ekeh Desmond Onyebuchukwu
AU  - Nkechinyere Anulika Chukwumobi
AU  - Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie
AU  - Sylvia Toochukwu Echendu
AU  - Esther Umeadi
Y1  - 2022/01/25
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20221101.11
AB  - Background and Objectives: Globally, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different occupations, across economies in both the developed and the developing countries. Cardiovascular risks and differences in occupations have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of occupations on the risks of cardiovascular disease in Awka, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an unstructured market workers’ population. The subjects were classified according to their occupation and screened for cardiovascular risks. Cardiovascular risks were compared between the different occupations. Results: The study subjects were 294. Males made up 27.9% and females 72.1%. Their mean age was 43.13 ± 15.38 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 6.0kg/m2, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 129.3 ± 23.7mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 82.6 ± 14.7mmHg Majority (98.6%) of the study subjects were Igbos, whereas only 1.4% were Hausas. Retailer minor had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking, 10 (62.5%), p 10hors work per day 46 (53.5%), p10hors work per day, pConclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking, thickened arterial wall, spending > 10hours work per day, obesity, hypertension, consumption of much meat protein, night time sleep duration < 4hours, were high and they were common among Retailer minor subjects in this study.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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